New Design of SCM-SAC-OCDMA-FSO System by Using Gain Techniqe Based on MD Code

بصريات الفضاء الحرة (FSO) هو نظام اتصالات حديث وجديد حيث الفضاء الحر بمثابة وسيلة بين المرسل والمستلم، وينبغي أن تكون في خط البصر (LOS) لنجاح نقل شعاع الضوء. ونظرا لمتوسط ​​المساحة الحرة، فإنها تعاني من تداخلات مختلفة مثل [المطر والضباب والثلج] التي يمكن أن تؤثر على أداء الإشارة وتؤدي إلى تقليل توافر الاشارة، الموثوقية وصلة الاتصال. وبسبب المناخ الصحراوي العراقي، فإنه يتعرض للعواصف الترابية في معظم الوقت من السنة أكثر من مناطق أخرى، لذلك فمن المهم لدراسة تأثير الجو الترابي وإيجاد طريقة مناسبة للحد من هذا التأثير الجوي على شعاع الليزر عند السفر إلى النقطة النهائية للاشارة. ترميز الطيف الضوئي _ الشفرة الضوئية المتعددة المنافذ (SAC-OCDMA) أصبح مجالا رئيسيا للبحوث في نظام الاتصالات البصرية. OCDMA تسمح للمستخدم المتعدد للوصول إلى النظام دون أي خلاف، ترميز متعدد الاقطار (MD) يستخدم في النظام لدعم عدد كبير من المستخدمين مع ارتفاع معدل البيانات المرسلة. مكبر للموجة البصرية يضاف إلى النظام لتوفير المزيد من التحسين والسماح لإرسال شعاع الليزر لمسافات طويلة وانخفاض التدخل بين الموجات المرسلة. وتبين نتيجة الدراسة أن أداء النظام المقترح أفضل من النظام بدون مكبر الموجة البصرية. ويمكن ملاحظة أن معدل الخطأ في البتات (BER) في الحد الأدنى من الرؤية ( عند وجود عاصفة ترابية ) يصل إلى ، معدل الخطا في البتات في الرؤية المتوسطة بين ( & ) ، معدل الخطا في البتات  مع الوضوحية العالية ( )) مع 1.85 كم كمسافة انتقال البيانات  و 1 جيجا  بايت  كبيانات نقل للمستخدم.Free space optic (FSO) is a new modern communication system where free space acts as a medium between transverse and they should be in Line Of Sight (LOS) for successful transmission of optical beam. Due to free space medium , it suffer of various interference like [Rain , Fog/Haze , Snow] that can effect on signal performance and lead to reduce  the availability and reliability of the communication link .Because of Iraqi desert climate ,it exposed to dusty storm in most time of year more than other regions , so it is important to study the effect of Fog/Haze and find suitable method to reduce this atmospheric effect on the laser beam when it travel to its final point .Spectral Amplitude Coding Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) has become a major area of research in optical communication system . OCDMA allows multiple user to access the system without any contention; Multi Diagonal (MD) code used in system to support large number of user with high data rate .Optical amplifier is added to the system to provide more enhancement and permit to send the laser beam in longer distance and decrease the interference on it. The result of the study shows that the performance of the proposed system is better than the system without amplifier. It can be seen that the BER with minimum visibility (strong Haze storm) reach to 8 , BER of medium visibility between (1 & 8 ), BER with high visibility (1 ) at 1.85 Km as a transmission distance and 1Gbps as a transmission data

Establishment Network by Using FSO Link Based on MD Code for Hybrid SCM-SAC-OCDMA Wireless System

Since the wireless systems are working under nature environments and influenced by turbulence, weather in Iraq that leads to extended amount of fading signal, dissipation or attenuation. Basic “hybrid Subcarrier Multiplying Spectral Amplitude Coding (SCM-SAC) of Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA)" indoor or outdoor optical system depends on generally “Multi-Diagonal (MD)" security code by using optical space known as “Free Space Optic (FSO)" that was proposed in this work. It is found that the mention hybrid wireless systems can be used in operating mesh networks. The main proposed idea of hybrid optical technique was analyzed and simulated by normally taking into simulation account that the directly effecting by rain and haze attenuations. In addition, there are mention and description for atmospheric effects, FSO mesh network, modulation scheme, simulation, and the data security. From simulation results, the hybrid system using MD code produces reduced “bit-error rate (BER)" at heavy storm rain to distance or range of 500 m and at drizzle rain up to 2500 m range. And also investigates the performance of using the proposed system with radio over fiber (RoF) for UWB signals through indoor propagation in building applications of wireless channel

Design and implementation of smart electronic solar tracker based on Arduino

Demand of energy increases in the global and exponential exhaustion is favored of resources by fossil fuel for electricity production with the new systems development. Compared with all other remainder energies, the specialist sun energy is the most bountiful energy and it's typically easy to be changed into electrical energy. The main thing of using solar panel is to produce electrical energy from sun's energy but the optimum energy can be generated by tracking solar panel due to the sun movement from east to west. The problem can be solved by proposed systems where the sun tracking by solar panel that based on high intensity of sun ray.  This paper concentrates on tracking the sun by using servo motor coupled with solar panel. So that, the largest quantity of sun light at the incident panel along the day at any time is better than that for method of fixed panel array which is less efficient. The microcontroller Arduino (mode UNO) was programmed by using C++ language while the track of sun light processing was implemented by using light depending resistor (LDR), Chip IC H-bridge and microcontroller Arduino (UNO) circuits have been designed by using Proteus software. By circuit design and sun tracking control process, the cost reduction has been improved and high amount of energy was saved when implemented this system

Design and implementation a prototype system for fusion image by using SWT-PCA algorithm with FPGA technique

The technology of fusion image is dominance strongly over domain research for recent years, the techniques of fusion have various applications in real time used and proposed such as purpose of military and remote sensing etc.,the fusion image is very efficient in processing of digital image. Single image produced from two images or more information of relevant combining process results from multi sensor fusion image. FPGA is the best implementation types of most technology enabling wide spread.This device works with modern versions for different critical characteristics same huge number of elements logic in order to permit complex algorithm implemented. In this paper,filters are designed and implemented in FPGA utilized for disease specified detection from images CT/MRI scanned where the samples are taken for human's brain with various medical images and the processing of fusion employed by using technique Stationary Wavelet Transform and Principal Component Analysis (SWT-PCA). Accuracy image output increases when implemented this technique and that was done by sampling down eliminating where effects blurring and artifacts doesn't influenced. The algorithm of SWT-PCA parameters quality measurements like NCC,MSE ,PSNR, coefficients and Eigen values.The advantages significant of this system that provide real time, time rapid to market and portability beside the change parametric continuing in the DWT transform. The designed and simulation of module proposed system has been done by using MATLAB simulink and blocks generator system, Xilinx synthesized with synthesis tool (XST) and implemented in XilinxSpartan 6-SP605 device

Planar Finger-Shaped Antenna used in Ultra-Wideband Wireless Systems

Recently, extensive requirements have developed for ultra-wideband (UWB) technology that provides high activity and small size for use in small communication systems, remote sensing, and radar applications. Thus, we concentrated with high-resolution radar UWB antenna to cover Federal Communication Commission’s (FCC) standard UWB range (3.1-10.6 GHz). The proposed ideal-size and low-cost finger-shaped patch antenna of 24 mm x 19 mm printed on 40 mm x 35 mm rectangular Taconic TLY-5 material was designed and established through experiments and simulations. Results show that the two cut notches of 1.5 mm x 2 mm at the bottom corners of the patch can increase the bandwidth. To increase the radiation area and achieve more resonance frequencies, two cut slots at the top edge of the patch were designed in depth of 10 mm. Four parameters were considered in the analysis of the proposed antenna design, namely the feeder width, number of slots, number of notches, and feed gap space. The simulated and measured results of the main antenna parameters make the design suitable in applications of UWB wireless systems

Electroencephalogram Based Stress Detection Using Extreme Learning Machine

The detection of stress is important because it contributes to diverse pathophysiological changes including sudden death. Various techniques have been used to evaluate stress in terms of questionnaire or by quantifying the changes of physiological signals. Electroencephalogram signals are highly useful in measuring human stress. Therefore, to solve and detect stress problem, this work had extracted electroencephalogram features of theta, alpha, and beta bands in the frequency domain by wavelet packet transform because these bands are concerned with stress. In this research four features have been supplied to extreme learning machine which gave accuracy of 98.56% of detecting stress from normal state based on db4 with an average sensitivity of 92.52% and specificity of 95.88%. This research studied the stress on 15 students due to mathematical exercises in a noisy environment with different stimulus

Development of a new approach for high-quality quadrupling frequency optical millimeter-wave signal generation without optical filter

In this paper, we propose a new approach to generate quadrupling-frequency optical millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal with carrier suppression by using two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) in Radio-over-fiber (RoF) system. Among the numerous properties of this approach, the most important is that a filterless optical mm-wave at 60 GHz with an optical sideband suppression ratio (OSSR) as high as 40 dB can be obtained when the extinction ratio of the MZM is 25 dB. Simplicity and cost-effectiveness have made this approach a compelling candidate for future wave-division-multiplexing RoF systems. Theoretical analysis is conducted to suppress the undesired optical sidebands for the high-quality generation of frequency quadrupling mm-wave signal. The simulation results show that a 60 GHz mm-wave is generated from a 15 GHz radio frequency (RF) oscillator with an OSSR as high as 40 dB and an radio frequency spurious suppression ratio (RFSSR) exceeding 35 dB without any optical or electrical filter when the extinction ratio of the MZM is 25 dB. Furthermore, the effect of the non-ideal RF-driven voltage as well as the phase difference of RF-driven signals applied to the two MZMs on OSSR and RFSSR is discussed and analyzed